6. Traditional statistic (descriptive and inferential).

 

In today’s fast-paced world, statistics is playing a major role in the field of research; that helps in the collection, analysis, and presentation of data in a measurable form. It is quite hard to identify, whether the research relies on descriptive statistics or inferential statistics, as people usually lack knowledge about these two branches of statistics. As the name suggests, descriptive statistics is one which describes the population.


On the other end, Inferential statistics are used to make the generalization about the population based on the samples. So, there is a big difference between descriptive and inferential statistics, i.e. what you do with your data. Let’s take a glance at this article to get some more details on the two topics.

BASIS FOR COMPARISON	DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS	INFERENTIAL STATISTICS
Meaning	Descriptive Statistics is that branch of statistics which is concerned with describing the population under study.	Inferential Statistics is a type of statistics, that focuses on drawing conclusions about the population, on the basis of sample analysis and observation.
What it does?	Organize, analyze and present data in a meaningful way.	Compares, test and predicts data.
Form of Final Result	Charts, Graphs, and Tables	Probability
Usage	To describe a situation.	To explain the chances of occurrence of an event.
Function	It explains the data, which is already known, to summarize sample.	It attempts to reach the conclusion to learn about the population, that extends beyond the data available.

Difference Between Descriptive and Inferential Statistics


May 9, 2016, By Surbhi S 16 Comments

In today’s fast-paced world, statistics is playing a major role in the field of research; that helps in the collection, analysis, and presentation of data in a measurable form. It is quite hard to identify, whether the research relies on descriptive statistics or inferential statistics, as people usually, lack knowledge about these two branches of statistics. As the name suggests, descriptive statistics is one which describes the population.


On the other end, Inferential statistics are used to make the generalisation about the population based on the samples. So, there is a big difference between descriptive and inferential statistics, i.e. what you do with your data. Let’s take a glance at this article to get some more details on the two topics.


Comparison Chart

BASIS FOR COMPARISON	DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS	INFERENTIAL STATISTICS
Meaning	Descriptive Statistics is that branch of statistics which is concerned with describing the population under study.	Inferential Statistics is a type of statistics, that focuses on drawing conclusions about the population, on the basis of sample analysis and observation.
What it does?	Organize, analyze and present data in a meaningful way.	Compares, test and predicts data.
Form of Final Result	Charts, Graphs, and Tables	Probability
Usage	To describe a situation.	To explain the chances of occurrence of an event.
Function	It explains the data, which is already known, to summarize sample.	It attempts to reach the conclusion to learn about the population, that extends beyond the data available.

 Definition of Descriptive Statistics


Descriptive Statistics refers to a discipline that quantitatively describes the important characteristics of the dataset. For the purpose of describing properties, it uses measures of central tendency, i.e. mean, median, mode and the measures of dispersion i.e. range, standard deviation, quartile deviation, and variance, etc.


The data is summarised by the researcher, in a useful way, with the help of numerical and graphical tools such as charts, tables, and graphs, to represent data in an accurate way. Moreover, the text is presented in support of the diagrams, to explain what they represent.
Definition of Inferential Statistics

Inferential Statistics is all about generalising from the sample to the population, i.e. the results of analysis of the sample can be deduced to the larger population, from which the sample is taken. It is a convenient way to draw conclusions about the population when it is not possible to query each and every member of the universe. The sample chosen is a representative of the entire population; therefore, it should contain important features of the population.

Inferential Statistics is used to determine the probability of properties of the population on the basis of the properties of the sample, by employing probability theory. The major inferential statistics are based on the statistical models such as Analysis of Variance, chi-square test, Student's t distribution, regression analysis, etc. Methods of inferential statistics:

• Estimation of parameters
• Testing of hypothesis

Key Differences Between Descriptive and Inferential Statistics

The difference between descriptive and inferential statistics can be drawn clearly on the following grounds:

1. Descriptive Statistics is a discipline which is concerned with describing the population under study. Inferential Statistics is a type of statistics; that focuses on drawing conclusions about the population, on the basis of sample analysis and observation.
2. Descriptive Statistics collects, organises, analyzes and presents data in a meaningful way. On the contrary, Inferential Statistics, compares data, test hypothesis and make predictions of the future outcomes.
3. There is a diagrammatic or tabular representation of the final result in descriptive statistics whereas the final result is displayed in the form of probability.
4. Descriptive statistics describe a situation while inferential statistics explains the likelihood of the occurrence of an event.
5. Descriptive statistics explains the data, which is already known, to summarise sample. Conversely, inferential statistics attempts to reach the conclusion to learn about the population; that extends beyond the data available.

Bibliography: S, S. (2018). Difference Between Descriptive and Inferential Statistics (with Comparison Chart) - Key Differences. [online] Key Differences. Available at: https://keydifferences.com/difference-between-descriptive-and-inferential-statistics.html [Accessed 11 Oct. 2018].

Understand Statistical Inference

Bibliography: YouTube. (2018). Understanding Statistical Inference. [online] Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tFRXsngz4UQ [Accessed 11 Oct. 2018].